Grammar
Browse grammar content by JLPT level.
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〜がります (~garimasu)
3rd person wants to
〜代わりに
Instead of... / In exchange for...
〜ましょう (mashou)
Let's do... / Shall we...?
〜てください (te kudasai)
Please do...
〜なりに / 〜なりの
In one's own way; suitable for; within the limits of.
〜つもりだ (tsumori da)
Intend to do / Plan to do
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～を禁じ得ない
Cannot help but feel...; cannot suppress (used to express the writer's strong, uncontrollable emotion such as anger, sympathy, or doubt)
〜すら / 〜ですら
Even (presents an extreme, minimal example to imply that other things are naturally also the case; a formal and literary equivalent of 「さえ」).
いわんや〜をや (況や〜をや)
Much less; to say nothing of (a highly formal, literary expression emphasizing that B is naturally even more true/applicable than A).
まして (況して)
Much less; let alone; not to mention (used to emphasize that if A is already the case, then B is even more so).
〜に至っては
When it comes to (an extreme or worst-case example); used to highlight a severe situation by contrasting it with others.
〜に至る
To reach a stage, state, or conclusion after a process; to come to a certain point.
〜からすると (kara suru to)
Judging from, from the standpoint of (used to make a conjecture based on a certain perspective).
〜つつある (tsutsu aru)
In the process of, currently ongoing change (equivalent to 'is/are in the middle of changing').
〜わけにはいかない (wake ni wa ikanai)
Cannot afford to do, must not do (due to social or moral reasons/obligations).
～にほかならない
Nothing other than; precisely; definitely. A key academic marker used by the author to state a definitive conclusion or pinpoint the exact reason for something.
～からといって
Just because... (it doesn't mean that...). Crucial for reading strategies to identify where the author is refuting a common assumption or counter-arguing.
～にすぎない
Nothing more than; merely; only. Used in reading comprehension to downplay the significance of a fact or to define its limit within the author's argument.