Grammar
Browse grammar content by JLPT level.
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〜がります (~garimasu)
3rd person wants to
〜代わりに
Instead of... / In exchange for...
〜ましょう (mashou)
Let's do... / Shall we...?
〜てください (te kudasai)
Please do...
〜なりに / 〜なりの
In one's own way; suitable for; within the limits of.
〜つもりだ (tsumori da)
Intend to do / Plan to do
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～に際して
On the occasion of, at the time of (used for formal, important, or public events).
～つつある
In the process of doing, currently undergoing a gradual change (to be in the process of...).
〜からには
Now that; since (expresses strong determination, duty, or resolve because a certain situation is established, e.g., 'Now that I am taking the exam, I must pass.')
〜ざるを得ない
Cannot help but; have no choice but to. Expresses the speaker's reluctant attitude of having to do something due to unavoidable circumstances.
〜ものか / 〜もんか
Absolutely not; there is no way. Expresses the speaker's strong determination, denial, or emotional opposition.
〜に相違ない
Without a doubt; must be. Expresses the speaker's strong conviction or logical certainty based on evidence.
～かねます (kanemasu)
Cannot; is difficult to. A highly polite, indirect way of expressing inability or refusal, commonly used in public announcements, business correspondence, and customer service.
～をもって (wo motte)
As of; starting from; with. Used in official and formal announcements to declare the precise timing of the termination, completion, or change of a service, event, or state.
～に際して (ni saishite)
On the occasion of; at the time of. Used in formal announcements, speeches, or public notices to introduce guidelines, greetings, or actions related to a special event.
〜かねる
Cannot; unable to (used to politely express inability to make a decision, agree, or comply with a request during a meeting)
〜に際して / 〜に際し
On the occasion of; when starting/doing (used in formal contexts like launching a project, starting a meeting, or giving official instructions)
〜もんか / 〜ものか
Absolutely not; as if! (A highly colloquial, emotive, and fast-paced way to strongly contradict or reject a statement)