Grammar
Browse grammar content by JLPT level.
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〜がります (~garimasu)
3rd person wants to
〜代わりに
Instead of... / In exchange for...
〜ましょう (mashou)
Let's do... / Shall we...?
〜てください (te kudasai)
Please do...
〜なりに / 〜なりの
In one's own way; suitable for; within the limits of.
〜つもりだ (tsumori da)
Intend to do / Plan to do
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～なくしては（～ない）
Without... (used to argue that a certain factor is absolutely indispensable; without it, a positive outcome or solution is impossible).
～いかんによって / ～いかんだ
Depending on... / Whether... or not (used in formal discussions to state that an outcome or decision depends entirely on a particular factor, condition, or attitude).
〜にたえない
Cannot bear to do... / Extremely... (Used idiomaticially to express that an emotion is too strong to hold back, or that something is too terrible to look at/listen to.)
〜の至り
The ultimate state of... / Extremely... (Used in set idiomatic expressions to express extreme emotion, such as gratitude, embarrassment, or honor.)
～の極み
The ultimate... / The epitome of... (expresses reaching the absolute peak of an abstract state or emotion, such as luxury, honor, or exhaustion).
～極まりない
Extremely... / To the absolute limit (used with abstract evaluation words, often negative, to express extreme conditions).
〜を禁じ得ない (wo kinji enai)
Cannot help but feel / cannot suppress (used in academic or formal writing to express an uncontrollable reaction to a situation).
〜に値する (ni atai suru)
Worthy of / deserves / merits (commonly used in scholarly papers, critiques, and formal evaluations).
〜を余儀なくされる (wo yogi naku sareru)
To be forced to / to be compelled to (due to unavoidable external circumstances; highly formal and academic).
〜極まりない / 〜極まる (kiwamarinai / kiwamaru)
「これ以上ないほど〜だ」「非常に〜だ」という意味。筆者が特定の事象や社会的な風潮に対して、強い批判や感情的な評価を述べる批評文やエッセイなどの読解で重要となる。
〜といえども (to iedomo)
「〜であっても」「〜といっても」という意味。事実や仮定を認めつつも、それに対する例外や逆説的な主張を述べる際に用いられ、論説文などで著者の主張を際立たせるのに頻出する。
〜にほかならない
It is nothing other than... / It is precisely because of... Used to state a definitive conclusion or strong assertion in opinion pieces.