Lesson L1N5Adjectives, Preference, and Comparison⏱ 15 min

奜き・嫌い・䞊手・䞋手 — Expressing Preference and Skill

This lesson introduces the pattern [subject] は [object] が [adjective] です for expressing preferences and abilities. Practice with 奜き (like), 嫌い (dislike), 䞊手 (skillful), and 䞋手 (unskillful) to describe your feelings and skills.

🎯 Goal: Express likes, dislikes, and skill level using が with 奜き, 嫌い, 䞊手, and 䞋手.

Lesson Content

Learning Goal

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to say what you like, dislike, are good at, or bad at — using the simple pattern [noun] が [adjective].


Concept

In Japanese, to express likes, dislikes, or skill, you use the particle が (ga) with one of these four words:

WordMeaningType
奜き (すき, suki)like / likedな-adjective
嫌い (きらい, kirai)dislike / hatedな-adjective
䞊手 (じょうず, jouzu)skillful / good atな-adjective
䞋手 (ぞた, heta)unskillful / bad atな-adjective

The pattern is:

[Topic] は [thing] が [suki / kirai / jouzu / heta] です。

  • は (wa) marks the person (who likes/dislikes/is good/bad).
  • が (ga) marks the thing (the object of feeling or skill).

Step-by-Step Breakdown

1. 奜き (suki) — to like

  • 私は 猫 が 奜きです。
    Watashi wa neko ga suki desu.
    I like cats.

  • 圌は 音楜 が 奜きです。
    Kare wa ongaku ga suki desu.
    He likes music.

2. 嫌い (kirai) — to dislike

  • 私は 玍豆 が 嫌いです。
    Watashi wa nattou ga kirai desu.
    I dislike natto.

  • 圌女は 虫 が 嫌いです。
    Kanojo wa mushi ga kirai desu.
    She dislikes bugs.

3. 䞊手 (jouzu) — good at

  • 田䞭さんは 料理 が 䞊手です。
    Tanaka-san wa ryouri ga jouzu desu.
    Tanaka is good at cooking.

  • あなたは 英語 が 䞊手ですね。
    Anata wa eigo ga jouzu desu ne.
    You are good at English, aren't you?

4. 䞋手 (heta) — bad at

  • 私は 歌 が 䞋手です。
    Watashi wa uta ga heta desu.
    I am bad at singing.

  • 圌は スポヌツ が 䞋手です。
    Kare wa supootsu ga heta desu.
    He is bad at sports.


Mini Examples

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
私は 犬 が 奜きです。Watashi wa inu ga suki desu.I like dogs.
圌は 勉匷 が 嫌いです。Kare wa benkyou ga kirai desu.He dislikes studying.
圌女は çµµ が 䞊手です。Kanojo wa e ga jouzu desu.She is good at drawing.
私は 走るの が 䞋手です。Watashi wa hashiru no ga heta desu.I am bad at running.

Note: For verbs (like "running" or "singing"), add の (no) after the verb to make it a noun phrase:
走る (hashiru) → 走るの (hashiru no = running)


Common Mistake

❌ Wrong: 私は 猫 を 奜きです。
(Watashi wa neko o suki desu. — using を instead of が)

✅ Correct: 私は 猫 が 奜きです。
(Watashi wa neko ga suki desu.)

Why?
奜き, 嫌い, 䞊手, and 䞋手 are adjectives, not verbs. In Japanese, adjectives describing feelings or ability use が (ga) to mark the object, not を (o).


Quick Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box:

奜き (suki) / 嫌い (kirai) / 䞊手 (jouzu) / 䞋手 (heta)

  1. 私は 寿叞 が ______ です。 (I like sushi.)
    → Watashi wa sushi ga ______ desu.

  2. 圌は テニス が ______ です。 (He is bad at tennis.)
    → Kare wa tenisu ga ______ desu.

  3. 圌女は 日本語 が ______ です。 (She is good at Japanese.)
    → Kanojo wa nihongo ga ______ desu.

  4. 私は 寒いの が ______ です。 (I dislike cold weather.)
    → Watashi wa samui no ga ______ desu.

Answers:

  1. 奜き (suki)
  2. 䞋手 (heta)
  3. 䞊手 (jouzu)
  4. 嫌い (kirai)

Summary and Next Step

You now know how to express likes, dislikes, and skill level using the pattern:

[Person] は [thing] が [suki / kirai / jouzu / heta] です。

Next step: Practice by saying 3 things you like, 2 things you dislike, 1 thing you're good at, and 1 thing you're bad at — all in Japanese. Try writing them down and saying them aloud.

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