Lesson L1N5Verbs, Time, Existence, and Daily Actionsโฑ 15 min

ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ / ใ„ใพใ™ โ€” Expressing Existence

This lesson covers the two key Japanese existence verbs: ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ (for non-living things, plants, and inanimate objects) and ใ„ใพใ™ (for people, animals, and other living beings). You'll practice forming sentences like 'There is a book' (ๆœฌใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™) and 'There is a cat' (็ŒซใŒใ„ใพใ™), using the correct particle ใŒ, and understanding the difference between location and existence. The goal is to choose the right verb based on whether the subject is animate or inanimate.

๐ŸŽฏ Goal: Correctly choose between ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ and ใ„ใพใ™ to say what exists or is present somewhere.

Lesson Content

Learning Goal

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to correctly choose between ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ (arimasu) and ใ„ใพใ™ (imasu) to say that something exists or is present somewhere.

Concept

In Japanese, you use different verbs depending on whether the thing that exists is non-living or living.

  • ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ (arimasu) = exists (for things, objects, plants, non-living items)
  • ใ„ใพใ™ (imasu) = exists (for people, animals, living creatures)

Think of it like this:

  • ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ = "There is a book."
  • ใ„ใพใ™ = "There is a cat."

Step-by-Step Breakdown

1. ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ (arimasu) โ€” for non-living things

Use ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ when talking about objects, plants, buildings, ideas, or anything that is not alive.

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ๆœฌใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™hon ga arimasuThere is a book
ๆœบใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™tsukue ga arimasuThere is a desk
่ŠฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™hana ga arimasuThere is a flower (plant)

Note: Plants are considered non-living in this grammar rule, so they use ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.

2. ใ„ใพใ™ (imasu) โ€” for living things

Use ใ„ใพใ™ when talking about people, animals, or any living creature.

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
็ŒซใŒใ„ใพใ™neko ga imasuThere is a cat
ๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™tomodachi ga imasuThere is a friend
้ญšใŒใ„ใพใ™sakana ga imasuThere is a fish

3. The basic sentence pattern

The pattern is the same for both verbs:

Thing/Person + ใŒ + ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ / ใ„ใพใ™

  • ใŒ (ga) marks the thing that exists.
  • ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ / ใ„ใพใ™ comes at the end.

4. Adding location

To say where something exists, add a location word + ใซ (ni) before the verb.

Location + ใซ + Thing/Person + ใŒ + ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ / ใ„ใพใ™

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๆœบใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™heya ni tsukue ga arimasuThere is a desk in the room
ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใซ็ŒซใŒใ„ใพใ™kouen ni neko ga imasuThere is a cat in the park

Mini Examples

  1. ๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใซๆœฌใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
    Toshokan ni hon ga arimasu.
    There is a book in the library.

  2. ๅญฆๆ กใซๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
    Gakkou ni sensei ga imasu.
    There is a teacher at school.

  3. ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใซ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
    Reizouko ni tabemono ga arimasu.
    There is food in the refrigerator.

  4. ๅบญใซ็ŠฌใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
    Niwa ni inu ga imasu.
    There is a dog in the garden.

Common Mistake

โŒ ้–“้•ใ„ (Machigai): ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซ็ŒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
โ†’ Using ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ for a living cat.

โœ… ๆญฃใ—ใ„ (Tadashii): ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซ็ŒซใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
โ†’ Use ใ„ใพใ™ because a cat is alive.

Quick tip: If it breathes, use ใ„ใพใ™. If it doesn't, use ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.

Quick Practice

Fill in the blanks with ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ or ใ„ใพใ™.

  1. ใ“ใ“ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ___ใ€‚
    (There is a phone here.)

  2. ใ‚ใใ“ใซๅญไพ›ใŒ___ใ€‚
    (There is a child over there.)

  3. ๆœบใฎไธŠใซ้‰›็ญ†ใŒ___ใ€‚
    (There is a pencil on the desk.)

  4. ๆตทใซ้ญšใŒ___ใ€‚
    (There are fish in the sea.)

Answers: 1. ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ 2. ใ„ใพใ™ 3. ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ 4. ใ„ใพใ™

Summary and Next Step

  • ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ = non-living things (objects, plants, ideas)
  • ใ„ใพใ™ = living things (people, animals)
  • Pattern: Location + ใซ + Thing/Person + ใŒ + ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ / ใ„ใพใ™

Next step: Practice by looking around your room and saying what exists using ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ or ใ„ใพใ™. Then learn how to make negative sentences (ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ / ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“) to say something does not exist.

Practice Drills

No interactive practices assigned to this lesson yet.

Lesson Materials

Vocabulary (0)

No vocabulary in this lesson.

Grammar (0)

No grammar rules in this lesson.

Kanji (0)

No kanji characters in this lesson.

Kana (0)

No kana characters in this lesson.