Economy and Money Vocabulary
This lesson introduces key vocabulary related to the economy and money, such as 経済 (economy), 銀行 (bank), 取引 (transaction), and インフレ (inflation). Practice using these terms in context to improve your understanding of financial topics at the N3 level.
🎯 Goal: Learn N3 vocabulary related to the economy and money.
Lesson Content
Learning Goal
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to recognize and use 20 N3-level vocabulary words related to economy, money, and daily life. You will understand how these words are used in context and be able to form simple sentences with them.
Concept
Economy and money vocabulary in Japanese often overlaps with words about time, quantity, and social concepts. Many of these words use kanji you already know (like 年 for "year" or 平 for "flat/peace") but combine them in new ways. Understanding these combinations will help you talk about salaries, prices, periods of time, and social situations more naturally.
Step-by-Step Breakdown
1. Words about People and Actions (希望者, 帰国, 帰宅)
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希望者 (きぼうしゃ / kibōsha) — "applicant, candidate"
- 希望 (kibō) = hope/wish + 者 (sha) = person
- Used in job ads, school applications, etc.
- Example: 希望者が多いです。(Kibōsha ga ōi desu. — There are many applicants.)
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帰国 (きこく / kikoku) — "return to one's country"
- 帰 (ki) = return + 国 (koku) = country
- Common when talking about study abroad or work overseas ending
- Example: 来月帰国します。(Raigetsu kikoku shimasu. — I will return to my country next month.)
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帰宅 (きたく / kitaku) — "returning home"
- 帰 (ki) = return + 宅 (taku) = home/house
- Different from 帰国 — this is just going back to your house
- Example: 毎日7時に帰宅します。(Mainichi shichi-ji ni kitaku shimasu. — I return home at 7 every day.)
2. Words about Time and Frequency (常に, 年中, 年代, 年月, 年間, 平日)
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常に (つねに / tsune ni) — "always, constantly"
- Adverb; more formal than いつも
- Example: 常に最新情報をチェックします。(Tsune ni saishin jōhō o chekku shimasu. — I always check the latest information.)
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年中 (ねんじゅう / nenjū) — "whole year, all year round"
- 年 (nen) = year + 中 (jū) = throughout
- Example: この店は年中無休です。(Kono mise wa nenjū mukyū desu. — This store is open all year round.)
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年代 (ねんだい / nendai) — "age, era, period"
- 年 (nen) = year + 代 (dai) = generation/era
- Example: この年代の経済は安定していました。(Kono nendai no keizai wa antei shite imashita. — The economy of this era was stable.)
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年月 (ねんげつ / nengetsu) — "months and years; time"
- 年 (nen) = year + 月 (getsu) = month
- Refers to the passage of time
- Example: 長い年月がかかりました。(Nagai nengetsu ga kakarimashita. — It took many years.)
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年間 (ねんかん / nenkan) — "years (period of)"
- 年 (nen) = year + 間 (kan) = interval/period
- Used with numbers: 3年間 = 3-year period
- Example: 5年間日本に住んでいました。(Go-nenkan Nihon ni sunde imashita. — I lived in Japan for 5 years.)
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平日 (へいじつ / heijitsu) — "weekday, ordinary days"
- 平 (hei) = flat/ordinary + 日 (jitsu) = day
- Opposite of 週末 (shūmatsu = weekend)
- Example: 平日は銀行が混みます。(Heijitsu wa ginkō ga komimasu. — Banks are crowded on weekdays.)
3. Words about Quantity and Measurement (幅, 平均, 平方メートル)
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幅 (はば / haba) — "width, breadth"
- Used for physical width or figurative range
- Example: この机の幅は80センチです。(Kono tsukue no haba wa hachi-jissenchi desu. — The width of this desk is 80 cm.)
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平均 (へいきん / heikin) — "average, mean"
- 平 (hei) = flat + 均 (kin) = equal
- Very common in economics and statistics
- Example: 平均給与はどのくらいですか?(Heikin kyūyo wa dono kurai desu ka? — What is the average salary?)
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平方メートル (へいほうメートル / heihō mētoru) — "square meter"
- 平方 (heihō) = square + メートル (mētoru) = meter
- Used for area measurements (apartments, land)
- Example: この部屋は20平方メートルです。(Kono heya wa nijū heihō mētoru desu. — This room is 20 square meters.)
4. Words about Social Concepts (常識, 平和, 平等, 年寄)
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常識 (じょうしき / jōshiki) — "common sense"
- 常 (jō) = always/constant + 識 (shiki) = knowledge
- Example: それは常識です。(Sore wa jōshiki desu. — That's common sense.)
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平和 (へいわ / heiwa) — "peace, harmony"
- 平 (hei) = flat/peaceful + 和 (wa) = harmony
- Example: 世界平和を願います。(Sekai heiwa o negaimasu. — I wish for world peace.)
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平等 (びょうどう / byōdō) — "equality, evenness"
- 平 (byō) = flat + 等 (dō) = equal/class
- Example: 男女平等が大切です。(Danjo byōdō ga taisetsu desu. — Gender equality is important.)
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年寄 (としより / toshiyori) — "old people, the aged"
- 年 (toshi) = age/years + 寄 (yori) = approach/lean
- Can be slightly informal; 高齢者 (kōreisha) is more polite
- Example: 年寄に席を譲ります。(Toshiyori ni seki o yuzurimasu. — I give my seat to elderly people.)
5. Other Important Words (帯, 幕, 干す, 平ら)
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帯 (おび / obi) — "obi, kimono sash"
- Traditional Japanese belt for kimono
- Example: 着物に合う帯を選びました。(Kimono ni au obi o erabimashita. — I chose an obi that matches the kimono.)
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幕 (まく / maku) — "curtain"
- Theater curtain or screen; also used metaphorically (e.g., 幕を閉じる = to close the curtain/end)
- Example: 幕が上がりました。(Maku ga agarimashita. — The curtain rose.)
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干す (ほす / hosu) — "to dry, to drink up"
- Verb (Godan, す-ending)
- Used for drying clothes, dishes, or drinking completely
- Example: 洗濯物を干します。(Sentakumono o hoshimasu. — I hang the laundry to dry.)
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平ら (たいら / taira) — "flatness, level"
- Na-adjective or noun
- Example: この道は平らです。(Kono michi wa taira desu. — This road is flat.)
Mini Examples
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| 希望者が10人いました。 | Kibōsha ga jū-nin imashita. | There were 10 applicants. |
| 常に努力しています。 | Tsune ni doryoku shite imasu. | I am always making an effort. |
| 平均点は80点でした。 | Heikinten wa hachi-jitten deshita. | The average score was 80 points. |
| 平日は仕事があります。 | Heijitsu wa shigoto ga arimasu. | On weekdays I have work. |
| 平和な社会が欲しいです。 | Heiwa na shakai ga hoshii desu. | I want a peaceful society. |
Common Mistake
❌ Mistake: Confusing 帰国 (kikoku) and 帰宅 (kitaku)
- 帰国 = return to your country (usually after living abroad)
- 帰宅 = return to your home (daily routine)
❌ Mistake: Using 年間 (nenkan) without a number
- Correct: 3年間 (san-nenkan) = "for 3 years"
- Incorrect: 年間住んでいます (nenkan sunde imasu) — you need a number or context
❌ Mistake: Mixing 平等 (byōdō) and 平和 (heiwa)
- 平等 = equality (fairness, same treatment)
- 平和 = peace (no war, harmony)
Quick Practice
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Fill in the blank: 毎日、仕事が終わってから___します。(return home)
→ Answer: 帰宅 (kitaku) -
Fill in the blank: この国の___は高いです。(average salary)
→ Answer: 平均給与 (heikin kyūyo) -
True or False: 年中 means "for one year only."
→ Answer: False (it means "all year round") -
Which word means "common sense"? 常に / 常識 / 年中
→ Answer: 常識 (jōshiki)
Summary and Next Step
You've learned 20 new vocabulary words related to economy, money, time, and social concepts. Focus on:
- Time words: 常に, 年中, 平日, 年間, 年月, 年代
- Quantity words: 幅, 平均, 平方メートル
- Social words: 常識, 平和, 平等, 年寄
- Action words: 帰国, 帰宅, 干す
Next step: Practice using these words in sentences about your daily life. Try writing 3 sentences using 平日, 平均, and 常に. Then move on to the next lesson about business and workplace vocabulary.
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