Lesson L3N4Sentence Expansion and Connectorsโฑ 20 min

ใŸใ‚Šใ€œใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ โ€” Listing Actions

This lesson introduces the ใŸใ‚Šใ€œใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ construction, which connects verbs in their ใŸ-form (past tense) plus ใ‚Š to list example activities. The pattern ends with ใ™ใ‚‹ (or ใ—ใพใ™ in polite speech). Students will learn how to express non-exhaustive action lists, such as 'I do things like reading books and watching movies.' Practice includes forming and combining verb pairs correctly.

๐ŸŽฏ Goal: List example actions (not exhaustive) using the ใŸใ‚Šใ€œใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ pattern.

Lesson Content

Learning Goal

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to list example actions (not a complete list) using the ใŸใ‚Šใ€œใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ pattern. Youโ€™ll sound more natural when talking about things you sometimes do or among other things do.


Concept

In Japanese, if you want to say โ€œI do things like A and Bโ€ (but not only A and B), you use the ใŸใ‚Šใ€œใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ pattern.

  • It means: โ€œdo things like โ€ฆ and โ€ฆโ€ or โ€œamong other things, do โ€ฆ and โ€ฆโ€
  • It implies the list is not exhaustive โ€” there are other actions, but youโ€™re just giving examples.

Think of it like saying in English:
โ€œOn weekends, I read books, watch movies, and stuff like that.โ€


Step-by-Step Breakdown

1. How to form ใŸใ‚Š form from a verb

Verb typeDictionary formใŸ-formใŸใ‚Š-form
ใ‚‹-verb (e.g. ใŸในใ‚‹)ใŸในใ‚‹ (taberu)ใŸในใŸ (tabeta)ใŸในใŸใ‚Š (tabetari)
ใ†-verb (e.g. ใ‹ใ)ใ‹ใ (kaku)ใ‹ใ„ใŸ (kaita)ใ‹ใ„ใŸใ‚Š (kaitari)
ใ†-verb (e.g. ใ‚ˆใ‚€)ใ‚ˆใ‚€ (yomu)ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ  (yonda)ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ ใ‚Š (yondari)
ใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ใ‚‹ (suru)ใ—ใŸ (shita)ใ—ใŸใ‚Š (shitari)
ใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ (kuru)ใใŸ (kita)ใใŸใ‚Š (kitari)

Rule: Take the ใŸ-form of the verb, then replace the final ใŸ (or ใ ) with ใŸใ‚Š (or ใ ใ‚Š).

  • ใŸในใŸ โ†’ ใŸในใŸใ‚Š
  • ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ  โ†’ ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ ใ‚Š

2. The full pattern

Verbโ‚ (ใŸใ‚Š-form) + Verbโ‚‚ (ใŸใ‚Š-form) + ใ™ใ‚‹

  • The last verb is always ใ™ใ‚‹ (in the tense you need).
  • You can list two or more actions.
TenseExampleMeaning
Present / Futureๆœฌใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’ใฟใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹I do things like reading books and watching TV.
Pastๆœฌใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’ใฟใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸI did things like reading books and watching TV.
Negativeๆœฌใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’ใฟใŸใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„I donโ€™t do things like reading books or watching TV.

Mini Examples

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
้€ฑๆœซใฏใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ใฟใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹ใ ใกใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚Shuumatsu wa, eiga o mitari, tomodachi to hanashitari shimasu.On weekends, I do things like watching movies and talking with friends.
ๆ—ฅๆœฌใงใ€ใ™ใ—ใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ‚Šใ€ใŠๅฏบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚Nihon de, sushi o tabetari, otera o mitari shimashita.In Japan, I did things like eating sushi and seeing temples.
ไผ‘ใฟใฎๆ—ฅใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚Yasumi no hi wa, nani mo shinakattari, geemu o shitari shimasu.On days off, I do things like doing nothing or playing games.

Common Mistake

โŒ Wrong: ๆœฌใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’ใฟใŸใ‚Šใพใ™
โ†’ You cannot attach ใพใ™ directly to ใŸใ‚Š. The last verb must be ใ™ใ‚‹ (or its polite form ใ—ใพใ™).

โœ… Correct: ๆœฌใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’ใฟใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™

โŒ Wrong: Using ใŸใ‚Š for a complete list
โ†’ If you mean โ€œI did A, B, and C (and thatโ€™s everything),โ€ use ใฆ-form instead.


Quick Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct ใŸใ‚Š-form + ใ™ใ‚‹.

  1. ้€ฑๆœซใฏใ€ๆ–™็†ใ‚’๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ€ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ‚’๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
    (cook = ๆ–™็†ใ™ใ‚‹ / take a walk = ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ™ใ‚‹)
    โ†’ ๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

  2. ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใ€ๆœฌใ‚’๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ€้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
    (read = ใ‚ˆใ‚€ / listen to music = ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’ใใ)
    โ†’ ๆœฌใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’ใใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ—ใŸ.


Summary and Next Step

Key pointExplanation
ใŸใ‚Šใ€œใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹Lists example actions (not a complete list)
FormationใŸ-form โ†’ replace ใŸ/ใ  with ใŸใ‚Š/ใ ใ‚Š โ†’ add ใ™ใ‚‹
TenseChange ใ™ใ‚‹ to ใ—ใพใ™/ใ—ใŸ/ใ—ใชใ„ etc.
Common mistakeDonโ€™t attach ใพใ™ to ใŸใ‚Š directly

Next step: Try making your own 2โ€“3 sentence paragraph about what you do on weekends using ใŸใ‚Šใ€œใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹. Example:
โ€œ้€ฑๆœซใฏใ€ใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚โ€

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