Lesson L5N2Advanced Conjunctions and Logic25 min

一方 / 他方 — On One Hand / On the Other Hand

This lesson covers the use of 一方 (ippō) and 他方 (tahō) as conjunctions to indicate contrast in formal writing or speech. You'll practice sentence structures where one clause states one aspect, and the other clause presents a different, often opposing, aspect, typically in academic or professional contexts.

🎯 Goal: Use 一方 and 他方 to present contrasting facts formally.

Lesson Content

Learning Goal

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to use 一方 (いっぽう, ippou) and 他方 (たほう, tahou) to present two contrasting facts in a formal, written or spoken context. This is an essential skill for N2-level Japanese, especially in essays, news reports, and formal discussions.


Concept

一方 (いっぽう) and 他方 (たほう) both mean "on the one hand / on the other hand." They are used to compare two opposing or different facts, opinions, or situations. They are formal and often appear in writing or speeches.

  • 一方 introduces the first fact or side.
  • 他方 introduces the contrasting second fact or side.

You can use them together in a pair, or use 一方 alone to mean "while / whereas."


Step-by-Step Breakdown

1. Basic Structure with 一方 (First Side)

Pattern:
[Fact A] + 一方、[Fact B]

Meaning: "On the one hand, [Fact A]; on the other hand, [Fact B]" or "While [Fact A], [Fact B]."

Note: The verb before 一方 is in plain form (dictionary form or た-form). For nouns and な-adjectives, use である before 一方.

Examples:

  • 彼は仕事ができる一方、人間関係が苦手だ。
    Kare wa shigoto ga dekiru ippou, ningen kankei ga nigate da.
    "On the one hand, he is good at work; on the other hand, he is bad at human relationships."

  • この町は静かである一方、交通が不便だ。
    Kono machi wa shizuka de aru ippou, koutsuu ga fuben da.
    "While this town is quiet, the transportation is inconvenient."


2. Adding 他方 for the Second Side

Pattern:
[Fact A] + 一方、[Fact B] + 他方、[Fact C]

Meaning: "On the one hand, [Fact A]; on the other hand, [Fact B]; meanwhile, [Fact C]."

Note: 他方 is often used at the beginning of the second sentence or clause to clearly mark the contrast.

Examples:

  • 経済は成長している。一方、環境問題は悪化している。他方、教育の質は改善されつつある。
    Keizai wa seichou shite iru. Ippou, kankyou mondai wa akka shite iru. Tahou, kyouiku no shitsu wa kaizen saretsutsu aru.
    "The economy is growing. On the one hand, environmental problems are worsening. On the other hand, the quality of education is gradually improving."

  • 彼は優しい性格だ。一方、決断力に欠ける。他方、彼の妻はとても行動的だ。
    Kare wa yasashii seikaku da. Ippou, ketsudanryoku ni kakeru. Tahou, kare no tsuma wa totemo koudouteki da.
    "He has a gentle personality. On the one hand, he lacks decisiveness. On the other hand, his wife is very proactive."


3. Using 一方 Alone (Without 他方)

You can also use 一方 alone to mean "while / whereas" in a single sentence.

Pattern:
[Fact A] + 一方で、[Fact B]

Examples:

  • 兄は勉強が得意な一方で、弟はスポーツが得意だ。
    Ani wa benkyou ga tokui na ippou de, otouto wa supootsu ga tokui da.
    "While the older brother is good at studying, the younger brother is good at sports."

  • この会社は利益を上げている一方で、従業員の給料は上がっていない。
    Kono kaisha wa rieki wo agete iru ippou de, juugyouin no kyuuryou wa agatte inai.
    "While this company is making a profit, employee salaries are not rising."


Mini Examples

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
都市は便利な一方、自然が少ない。Toshi wa benri na ippou, shizen ga sukunai.Cities are convenient, but have little nature.
彼は経験が豊富だ。一方、若い人材も必要だ。他方、予算が限られている。Kare wa keiken ga houfu da. Ippou, wakai jinzai mo hitsuyou da. Tahou, yosan ga kagirarete iru.He has abundant experience. On the one hand, young talent is also needed. On the other hand, the budget is limited.
この本は面白い一方で、難しい言葉が多い。Kono hon wa omoshiroi ippou de, muzukashii kotoba ga ooi.This book is interesting, but has many difficult words.

Common Mistake

Using 一方 with casual verbs in the wrong form
Incorrect: 彼は仕事ができるです一方、人間関係が苦手だ。
Correct: 彼は仕事ができる一方、人間関係が苦手だ。

Rule: The verb before 一方 must be in plain form (dictionary form, た-form, or ない-form). Do not use ます/です before 一方.

Forgetting the で in 一方で
Incorrect: 兄は勉強が得意な一方、弟はスポーツが得意だ。
Correct: 兄は勉強が得意な一方で、弟はスポーツが得意だ。

Rule: When using な-adjectives or noun + だ before 一方, you need な (for な-adjectives) or である (for nouns). For い-adjectives and verbs, use plain form directly + 一方で.


Quick Practice

Fill in the blanks with 一方 or 他方.

  1. この車は燃費が良い____、パワーが足りない。
    Kono kuruma wa nenpi ga yoi ____, pawaa ga tarinai.
    → Answer: 一方

  2. 彼は優しい。、彼の兄は厳しい。、彼の妹は明るい。
    Kare wa yasashii. ____, kare no ani wa kibishii. ____, kare no imouto wa akarui.
    → Answer: 一方 / 他方

  3. この仕事は給料が高い____で、責任も重い。
    Kono shigoto wa kyuuryou ga takai ____ de, sekinin mo omoi.
    → Answer: 一方


Summary and Next Step

You now know how to use 一方 (いっぽう) and 他方 (たほう) to present contrasting facts formally. Remember:

  • 一方 introduces the first side; 他方 introduces the second side.
  • Use plain form before 一方.
  • For な-adjectives and nouns, use or である before 一方.
  • You can use 一方 alone (often with で) to mean "while / whereas."

Next step: Practice writing two short paragraphs about your city or job, using 一方 and 他方 to contrast two different aspects. Then try using 一方 alone in a single sentence.

Practice Drills

Lesson Materials

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