Lesson L3N3Speaking and Expression Practiceโฑ 25 min

Narrating Past Experiences

This lesson focuses on developing fluency in recounting past events, practicing how to switch between plain and polite past tenses (e.g., ใ€œใŸ/ใ€œใพใ—ใŸ) within a single narrative. You'll use appropriate connectors and transitions to build coherent stories about personal experiences, suitable for N3-level conversation.

๐ŸŽฏ Goal: Narrate past experiences fluently using a mix of plain and polite forms.

Lesson Content

Learning Goal

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to narrate past experiences in Japanese using a natural mix of plain (casual) and polite (formal) forms. You'll understand when to switch between them and how to keep your story clear and engaging.


Concept

In Japanese, how you talk about the past depends on your relationship with the listener and the context.

  • Polite form (๏ฝžใพใ—ใŸ / ๏ฝžใงใ—ใŸ) is safe for strangers, superiors, or formal situations.
  • Plain form (๏ฝžใŸ / ๏ฝžใ ใฃใŸ) is used with close friends, family, or in writing/diary entries.

When narrating a story, you often start and end in polite form (to frame the story), but use plain form in the middle (to make the story flow naturally). This mix sounds fluent and native-like.


Step-by-Step Breakdown

1. Polite Past (ใพใ™-form โ†’ ใพใ—ใŸ)

Verb TypeDictionary FormPolite Past (ใพใ—ใŸ)
ใ†-verbsใ‹ใ (kaku)ใ‹ใใพใ—ใŸ (kakimashita)
ใ‚‹-verbsใŸในใ‚‹ (taberu)ใŸในใพใ—ใŸ (tabemashita)
ใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ใ‚‹ (suru)ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ (shimashita)
ใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ (kuru)ใใพใ—ใŸ (kimashita)

ใ„-adjectives in polite past: ๏ฝžใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ (e.g., ใŠใ„ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™)
ใช-adjectives / noun + ใงใ™: ๏ฝžใงใ—ใŸ (e.g., ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ—ใŸ)

2. Plain Past (ใŸ-form)

Verb TypeDictionary FormPlain Past (ใŸ)
ใ†-verbsใ‹ใใ‹ใ„ใŸ (kaita)
ใ‚‹-verbsใŸในใ‚‹ใŸในใŸ (tabeta)
ใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ—ใŸ (shita)
ใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ใใŸ (kita)

ใ„-adjectives: ๏ฝžใ‹ใฃใŸ (e.g., ใŠใ„ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸ)
ใช-adjectives / noun + ใ : ๏ฝžใ ใฃใŸ (e.g., ใ—ใšใ‹ใ ใฃใŸ)

3. Mixing Forms in a Story

Typical pattern:

  • Opening sentence: Polite form (set the scene)
  • Middle sentences: Plain form (describe events)
  • Closing sentence: Polite form (wrap up)

Mini Examples

Example 1 (Weekend trip)

ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ๅ‹ใ ใกใจไบฌ้ƒฝใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใพใšใ€ๆธ…ๆฐดๅฏบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆŠน่Œถใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ€‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ใŠใ„ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
Senshuu, tomodachi to Kyoto ni ikimashita.
Mazu, Kiyomizudera o mita. Sorekara, matcha aisu o tabeta. Totemo oishikatta desu.

"Last week, I went to Kyoto with a friend. First, I saw Kiyomizudera. Then I ate matcha ice cream. It was very delicious."

Example 2 (Movie night)

ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใŒใ™ใ”ใ้ข็™ฝใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ๆœ€ๅพŒใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๆ‚ฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใพใŸ่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
Kinou, atarashii eiga o mimashita.
Sutorii ga sugoku omoshirokatta. Saigo wa chotto kanashikatta kedo, yokatta.
Mata mitai desu.

"Yesterday, I watched a new movie. The story was really interesting. The ending was a bit sad, but it was good. I want to watch it again."

Example 3 (Restaurant experience)

ๅ…ˆๆœˆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๅบ—ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ—ใšใ‹ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ๆ–™็†ใฏๅ…จ้ƒจใŠใ„ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚็‰นใซใƒฉใƒผใƒกใƒณใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใพใŸ่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
Sengetsu, atarashii resutoran ni ikimashita.
Mise wa totemo shizuka datta. Ryouri wa zenbu oishikatta. Toku ni raamen ga saikou datta.
Mata ikitai desu.

"Last month, I went to a new restaurant. The shop was very quiet. All the food was delicious. Especially the ramen was the best. I want to go again."


Common Mistake

Mistake: Using polite form for every sentence in a story, even in the middle.

  • Example: ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๅ‹ใ ใกใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ”้ฃฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
  • This sounds robotic and unnatural, like a list.

Fix: Switch to plain form in the middle.

  • Correct: ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๅ‹ใ ใกใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ”้ฃฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ€‚

Quick Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form (plain or polite) to complete the story naturally.

  1. ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ๆตทใซ่กŒใ___ (ใพใ—ใŸ / ใŸ)ใ€‚
    ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ๆณณใ„ใงใ€้ญšใ‚’่ฆ‹___ (ใพใ—ใŸ / ใŸ)ใ€‚
    ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸ___ (ใงใ™ / ใ )ใ€‚

  2. ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๅ‹ใ ใกใฎๅฎถใงใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Š___ (ใพใ—ใŸ / ใŸ)ใ€‚
    ใฟใ‚“ใชใงๆ–™็†ใ‚’ไฝœ___ (ใพใ—ใŸ / ใŸ)ใ€‚
    ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใŒไธ€็•ชใŠใ„ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸ___ (ใงใ™ / ใ )ใ€‚

Answers:

  1. ใพใ—ใŸ, ใŸ, ใงใ™
  2. ใพใ—ใŸ, ใŸ, ใงใ™

Summary and Next Step

You now know how to mix plain and polite past forms to narrate past experiences naturally.

  • Polite form frames the story (start/end).
  • Plain form carries the action in the middle.

Next step: Practice telling a short story about your last weekend to a friend (use plain form) and then to a teacher (use polite form). Notice how the mix changes!

Practice Drills

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