Lesson L4N4N4 Readingโฑ 20 min

Simple Instructions and Manuals

This lesson builds the skills needed to interpret everyday instructions, such as those found in product manuals, recipes, or safety notices. You'll practice recognizing imperative verb forms, sequence markers (e.g., ใพใˆใซ, ใ‚ใจใง), and common vocabulary for procedures. Exercises reinforce comprehension of order, necessity, and cautionary language at the N4 level.

๐ŸŽฏ Goal: Read and follow simple instructions or manual text.

Lesson Content

Learning Goal

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to read and follow simple Japanese instructions and manual text, such as steps for using a machine, cooking directions, or assembly guides.


Concept

Simple instructions in Japanese often use the ใฆ-form (te-form) of verbs to connect sequential actions, and the dictionary form or ใพใ™-stem for commands. They also rely on common vocabulary like "first," "next," "finally," and "do not." Understanding these patterns helps you follow directions without confusion.


Step-by-Step Breakdown

1. Sequential Actions with ใฆ-form

The ใฆ-form links actions in order, like "do A, then B, then C."

  • Verb ใฆ-form + Verb ใฆ-form + Verb ใพใ™/ใใ ใ•ใ„
  • Example: ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€้›ปๆบใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
    • Botan o oshite, dengen o irete kudasai.
    • "Press the button, then turn on the power."
Verb (dictionary)ใฆ-formMeaning
ๆŠผใ™ (osu)ๆŠผใ—ใฆ (oshite)press
ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ (ireru)ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ (irete)put in / turn on
ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ (kiru)ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆ (kitte)cut / turn off

2. Commands with ใใ ใ•ใ„

Add ใใ ใ•ใ„ (kudasai) after the ใฆ-form for polite requests/instructions.

  • ใ“ใ“ใซๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    • Koko ni namae o kaite kudasai.
    • "Please write your name here."
  • ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‰ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    • Doa o shimete kudasai.
    • "Please close the door."

3. Negative Instructions (Do not...)

Use ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ (naide kudasai) after the verb's negative stem (remove ใพใ™, add ใชใ„).

  • ่งฆใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    • Sawaranaide kudasai.
    • "Please do not touch."
  • ๆฐดใ‚’้ฃฒใพใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    • Mizu o nomanai de kudasai.
    • "Please do not drink the water."

4. Order Words

Common words to sequence steps:

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ๆœ€ๅˆใซsaisho nifirst
ๆฌกใซtsugi ninext
ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰sore karaafter that
ๆœ€ๅพŒใซsaigo nifinally

Mini Examples

  1. ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€ใ‚นใ‚คใƒƒใƒใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    • Saisho ni, suicchi o oshite kudasai.
    • "First, please press the switch."
  2. ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅทฎใ—่พผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    • Tsugi ni, kลdo o sashikonde kudasai.
    • "Next, please plug in the cord."
  3. ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๅ›žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    • Sore kara, botan o mawashite kudasai.
    • "After that, please turn the button."
  4. ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    • Saigo ni, kakunin shite kudasai.
    • "Finally, please check."

Common Mistake

โŒ Using the dictionary form directly for instructions (e.g., ๆŠผใ™ instead of ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„).

  • Incorrect: ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ™ใ€‚
  • Correct: ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

โœ… Always use ใฆ-form + ใใ ใ•ใ„ for polite instructions. For very simple manuals, you may see just the ใฆ-form (e.g., ๆŠผใ—ใฆ), but ใใ ใ•ใ„ is safer for learners.


Quick Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct ใฆ-form + ใใ ใ•ใ„.

  1. ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’ ________ (้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ akeru).

    • Answer: ้–‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ (akete kudasai)
  2. ๆฌกใซใ€ไธญใซ ________ (ๅ…ฅใ‚‹ hairu) ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

    • Answer: ๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ (hairanaide kudasai)
  3. ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ ________ (ๆŠผใ™ osu).

    • Answer: ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ (oshite kudasai)
  4. ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€้›ปๆฐ—ใ‚’ ________ (ๆถˆใ™ kesu).

    • Answer: ๆถˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ (keshite kudasai)

Summary and Next Step

You now know how to:

  • Use ใฆ-form + ใใ ใ•ใ„ for polite instructions
  • Use ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ for negative commands
  • Sequence steps with order words (ๆœ€ๅˆใซ, ๆฌกใซ, ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰, ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ)

Next step: Practice reading short manuals (e.g., a rice cooker or microwave instructions) and try writing your own 3-step instruction for a simple task like making tea or charging a phone.

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