Lesson L2N3Complex Sentence Buildingโฑ 25 min

ใฆใ‚‚ โ€” Even If (Concessive)

This lesson covers the conjunctive particle ใฆใ‚‚, which attaches to the ใฆ-form of verbs, ใ„-adjectives, ใช-adjectives, and nouns to create concessive clauses meaning 'even if' or 'although'. You'll practice forming sentences that contrast an expected or logical outcome with a contrary result, such as ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ (Even if it rains, I'll go out). Emphasis is on natural usage in complex sentence structures typical of the N3 level.

๐ŸŽฏ Goal: Use ใฆใ‚‚ to express 'even if' concessive conditions.

Lesson Content

Learning Goal

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to use the ใฆใ‚‚ (te mo) pattern to say "even if" or "even though" in Japanese, expressing a result that happens regardless of a condition.


Concept

The ใฆใ‚‚ pattern connects two ideas: a condition and a result. It shows that the result is true no matter what the condition is. Think of it as "even if X happens, Y is still true."

Pattern:

  • Verb (ใฆ form) + ใ‚‚
  • ใ„-adjective (ใใฆ form) + ใ‚‚
  • ใช-adjective/Noun + ใงใ‚‚

Step-by-Step Breakdown

1. Verbs: ใฆ form + ใ‚‚

Take any verb in its ใฆ form and add ใ‚‚.

Verb (Dictionary)ใฆ form+ ใ‚‚Meaning
่กŒใ (iku)่กŒใฃใฆ (itte)่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ (ittemo)even if (I) go
้ฃŸในใ‚‹ (taberu)้ฃŸในใฆ (tabete)้ฃŸในใฆใ‚‚ (tabetemo)even if (I) eat
ใ™ใ‚‹ (suru)ใ—ใฆ (shite)ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ (shitemo)even if (I) do

Example:

้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
Ame ga futte mo, dekakemasu.
Even if it rains, I will go out.

2. ใ„-adjectives: ใใฆ + ใ‚‚

Drop the final ใ„, add ใใฆ, then add ใ‚‚.

Adjectiveใใฆ form+ ใ‚‚Meaning
้ซ˜ใ„ (takai)้ซ˜ใใฆ (takakute)้ซ˜ใใฆใ‚‚ (takakutemo)even if (it's) expensive
ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ (isogashii)ๅฟ™ใ—ใใฆ (isogashikute)ๅฟ™ใ—ใใฆใ‚‚ (isogashikutemo)even if (I'm) busy

Example:

้ซ˜ใใฆใ‚‚ใ€่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
Takakutemo, kaimasu.
Even if it's expensive, I will buy it.

3. ใช-adjectives & Nouns: + ใงใ‚‚

For ใช-adjectives, drop the ใช and add ใงใ‚‚. For nouns, add ใงใ‚‚ directly.

Word+ ใงใ‚‚Meaning
ๅ…ƒๆฐ— (genki)ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ‚‚ (genki demo)even if (someone is) energetic
ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ (sensei)ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ‚‚ (sensei demo)even if (someone is) a teacher

Example:

ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ‚‚ใ€้–“้•ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
Sensei demo, machigaemasu.
Even a teacher makes mistakes. (Even if someone is a teacher, they make mistakes.)


Mini Examples

  1. Verb:

    ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซๅˆๆ ผใงใใชใ„ใ€‚
    Benkyou shite mo, tesuto ni goukaku dekinai.
    Even if I study, I can't pass the test.

  2. ใ„-adjective:

    ๅฎ‰ใใฆใ‚‚ใ€่ฒทใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
    Yasukute mo, kaimasen.
    Even if it's cheap, I won't buy it.

  3. ใช-adjective:

    ้™ใ‹ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใง่ฉฑใ•ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
    Shizuka demo, toshokan de hanasanaide kudasai.
    Even if it's quiet, please don't talk in the library.

  4. Noun:

    ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅƒใใพใ™ใ€‚
    Nichiyoubi demo, hatarakimasu.
    Even on Sunday, I work.


Common Mistake

โŒ Using ใฆใ‚‚ with the plain past tense.

  • Wrong: ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
  • Correct: ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚

โœ… Remember: Always use the ใฆ form, not the ใŸ (past) form.


Quick Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct ใฆใ‚‚ form.

  1. ใŠ้‡‘ใŒ___ใ€ๆ—…่กŒใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
    (ใชใ„ โ†’ ใชใใฆ) โ†’ ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆ—…่กŒใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
    Even if I have no money, I want to travel.

  2. ๅฝผใŒ___ใ€็งใฏ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
    (ๆฅใ‚‹ โ†’ ๆฅใฆ) โ†’ ๅฝผใŒๆฅใฆใ‚‚ใ€็งใฏ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
    Even if he comes, I will go.

  3. ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏ___ใ€็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
    (้ซ˜ใ„ โ†’ ้ซ˜ใใฆ) โ†’ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏ้ซ˜ใใฆใ‚‚ใ€็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
    Even if this restaurant is expensive, it's delicious.

  4. ___ใ€้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
    (็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚‹ โ†’ ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆ) โ†’ ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ‚‚ใ€้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
    Even if I'm tired, I exercise.


Summary and Next Step

Summary:

  • ใฆใ‚‚ means "even if" and shows a result is unaffected by a condition.
  • Use ใฆ form + ใ‚‚ for verbs and ใ„-adjectives.
  • Use ใงใ‚‚ for ใช-adjectives and nouns.
  • Never use the past tense before ใฆใ‚‚.

Next Step:
Practice by making your own sentences using ใฆใ‚‚ with verbs you already know. Try saying "Even if it's difficult, I will try" (้›ฃใ—ใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ™ โ€” muzukashikute mo, yatte mimasu). Then move on to learning ใฆใ‚‚ with the negative form (ใชใใฆใ‚‚ โ€” "even if not").

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